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The adrenal glands are organs located above each kidney, and are responsible for secreting hormones such as adrenaline (constriction of peripheral blood vessels and maintenance of blood pressure), glucocorticoids (involved in regulation of sugar metabolism, calcium metabolism, growth and development, immune system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, etc.), mineralocorticoids (involved in water and electrolyte metabolism), and androgens (sex hormones). Adrenal insufficiency refers to a disease caused by a defect in the adrenal function, which reduces the ability to secrete these hormones (especially glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids).
Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by tuberculosis. It can also be caused by autoimmune diseases or fungal infections. In rare cases, it can be caused by bleeding, cancer metastasized from other organs, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and other congenital causes. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by problems with the adrenal gland itself, but it can also occur after long-term use of steroids, hypothalamic or pituitary lesions, and adenoma removal surgery due to Cushing’s syndrome.
If adrenal insufficiency is chronic, symptoms of general weakness and weakness appear. In addition, nausea, vomiting, weight loss due to changes in appetite, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hair loss, and hyperpigmentation of the entire body appear. Symptoms of eating salty food appear. In the case of acute adrenal insufficiency, decreased appetite, nausea and vomiting become more severe, abdominal pain or fever occur, and severe dehydration symptoms, electrolyte abnormalities, shock, and even loss of consciousness may occur in severe cases.
Blood tests are used to measure electrolyte, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations, and additional CT or MRI tests may be performed depending on the results.
If adrenal insufficiency is chronic, glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids are administered. If there is a cause (tuberculosis), anti-tuberculosis medication is administered, and the dosage of glucocorticoids is increased. In the case of acute adrenal insufficiency, the causative factor is treated, and large doses of hydrocortisone are administered intravenously. Fluids and glucose injections are supplied to regulate electrolytes and water. Seoul Asan Medical Center aims to provide reliable health information content and help create a healthier society. Contact us for content provision
